Current and Prospective Strategies in the Varietal Improvement of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Specially Heterosis Breeding

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an herbaceous crop and plays important role as common spices vegetables. Pepper spp.) one of the most cost-effective agricultural vegetables in world. The significant characteristics peppers, various pharmacological uses, are pungency oleoresin (color). Cabsicum L. widely used a medicinal herb Mediterranean diet (at present, C. var. acuminatum Fingerh. Capsicum frutescens considered synonyms L.). includes wide range carotenoids including capsanthin, capsorubin, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, fanthophyl, xanthophyll, capsaicinoid. However, it remains limited production due to lack development varieties especially under severe climatic circumstances such drought, high temperature, or salt. Some reports were provided through distinct traditional approaches for genetic improvement. A combination molecular breeding, breeding heterosis, might be good option developing novel genotype ecologically adversely affected niche adaption. This review summarizes current chilli with their drawbacks highlights some recent classical efforts improvement crop. would milestone breeders planning successful program combat adverse ecological condition. Thus, information gathered this article cornerstone at ongoing sustainable future programs well.